Table Dochek FUO
| Barbiturates Central nervous system depressants used therapeutically as sedatives hypnotics and anticonvulsants. |
BAR | 300 ng/mL | 2 to 72 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Benzodiazepines Frequently prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. |
BZO | 300 ng/mL | 2 to 96 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Buprenorphine / Suboxone A semi-synthetic opioid that has a longer duration of action than morphine and is used to treat moderate to severe pain. |
BUP | 10 ng/mL | 2 to 72 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Cocaine A potent central nervous system stimulant and local anesthetic that brings about extreme energy and restlessness. |
COC | 150 ng/mL or 300 ng/mL |
1 to 96 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Cotinine Cotinine is the first-stage metabolite of nicotine, a toxic alkaloid that produces stimulation of the autonomic ganglia and central nervous system when in humans. Nicotine is a drug to which virtually every member of a tobacco-smoking society is exposed whether through direct contact or second-hand inhalation. In addition to tobacco, nicotine is also commercially available as the active ingredient in smoking replacement therapies such as nicotine gum, transdermal patches and nasal sprays. In a 24-hour urine, approximately 5% of a nicotine dose is excreted as unchanged drug with 10% as cotinine and 35% as hydroxycotinine; the concentrations of other metabolites are believed to account for less than 5%. While cotinine is thought to be an inactive metabolite, its elimination profile is more stable than that of nicotine which is largely urine pH dependent. As a result, cotinine is considered a good biological marker for determining nicotine use. The plasma half-life of nicotine is approximately 60 minutes following inhalation or parenteral administration. Nicotine and cotinine are rapidly eliminated by the kidney; the window of detection for cotinine in urine at a cutoff level of 200 ng/mL is expected to be up to 2-3 days after nicotine use. |
COT | 200 ng/mL or 300 ng/mL |
1 to 96 Hours | Forensic Use |
| Ecstasy (D.L-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine) A designer drug that produces changes in the form of increased sensitivity to light, difficulty in focusing, and blurred vision. |
MDMA | 500 ng/mL | 2 to 96 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Ethyl Glucuronide Ethyl Glucuronide (ETG) is a direct metabolite of alcohol. Presence in urine may be used to detect recent alcohol intake, even after alcohol is no longer measurable. Traditional laboratory methods detect the actual alcohol in the body, which reflects current intake within the past few hours (depending on how much was consumed). The presence of ETG in urine is a definitive indicator that it can be detected in the urine for 3 to 4 days after drinking alcohol, even alcohol is eliminated from the body. Therefore, ETG is a more accurate indicator of the recent intake of alcohol than measuring for the presence of alcohol itself. The ETG test can aid in the diagnosis of drunk driving and alcoholism, which has important significance in the forensic identification and medical examination. |
ETG | 500 ng/mL | Up to 80 Hours | Forensic Use |
| Fentanyl Fentanyl belongs to powerful narcotics analgesics, and is a μ special opiates receptor stimulant. Fentanyl is one of the varieties that been listed in management of United Nations “Single Convention of narcotic drug in 1961”. Among the opiates agents that under international control, fentanyl is one of the most commonly used to cure moderate to severe pain1. After continuous injection of fentanyl, the sufferer will have the performance of protracted opioid abstinence syndrome, such as ataxia and irritability etc2,3, which presents the addiction after taking fentanyl in a long time. Compared with drug addicts of amphetamine, drug addicts who take fentanyl mainly have got the possibility of higher infection rate of HIV, more dangerous injection behavior and more lifelong medication overdose. |
FTY / FEN / FYL | 20 ng/mL | Hours to Days | Forensic Use |
| Ketamine Ketamine was developed in the 1960s to replace phencyclidine (PCP) as an anesthetic agent and is most commonly used in veterinary medicine today. In addition to rohypnol (add hyperlink to page) and GHB, it is also considered a club drug, and may be used in drug-facilitated sexual assault situations. It is odorless, tasteless and usually swallowed in powder form or injected. Once taken, it is very short-acting and shows effects within minutes. Under federal law, ketamine is classified as a Schedule III drug, meaning it has approved medical use, but still possesses a high potential for abuse.. |
KET | 500 ng/mL or 1000 ng/mL |
Hours to Days | Forensic Use |
| Cannabinoids / Marijuana When smoked or orally administered it produces euphoric effects. Users have impaired short term memory and slowed learning. |
THC | 50 ng/mL | 2 Hours to 40 Days | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Methadone A narcotic analgesic prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain and for treatment of opiate dependence. |
MTD | 300 ng/mL | 3 to 72 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Methadone Metabolite EDDP is a controlled substance and is used for detoxification and maintenance of opiate-dependent patients. EDDP (2-Ethylidine-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine) is the primary metabolite of methadone. Methadone is a synthetic analgesic drug that is originally used in the treatment of narcotic addicts. The detection of EDDP is more beneficial than traditional methadone screening since EDDP exists only in urine from individuals that ingested methadone. The tampering of specimens by spiking the urine with methadone can be prevented. Secondly, renal clearance of EDDP is not affected by urinary pH, therefore the EDDP test provides a more accurate result of methadone ingestion than the methadone parent screen. |
EDDP | 300 ng/mL | 1 to 72 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Methamphetamine An addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. Can be taken orally, injected or inhaled. |
mAMP / MET | 500 ng/mL or 1000 ng/mL |
2 hours to 4 days | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Morphine / Opiates A drug derived from the opium poppy, including natural products morphine and codeine, and semi-synthetic drugs such as heroin. |
MOP / OPI | 300 ng/mL or 2000 ng/mL |
2 hours to 3 days | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Oxycodone A schedule II narcotic analgesic widely used in clinical medicine. Similar to morphine, in all respects, including its abuse and dependence. |
OXY | 100 ng/mL | 1 to 48 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Phencyclidine A hallucinogen, also known as Angel Dust, can be used in powder, capsule and tablet form. |
PCP | 25 ng/mL | 4 hours to 14 days | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Propoxyphene A mild narcotic analgesic found in various pharmaceutical preparations, usually as hydrochloride or napsylate salt. |
PPX | 300 ng/mL | 1 to 72 Hours | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| Ketamine Ketamine was developed in the 1960s to replace phencyclidine (PCP) as an anesthetic agent and is most commonly used in veterinary medicine today. In addition to rohypnol (add hyperlink to page) and GHB, it is also considered a club drug, and may be used in drug-facilitated sexual assault situations. It is odorless, tasteless and usually swallowed in powder form or injected. Once taken, it is very short-acting and shows effects within minutes. Under federal law, ketamine is classified as a Schedule III drug, meaning it has approved medical use, but still possesses a high potential for abuse.. |
KET | 500 ng/mL or 1000 ng/mL |
Hours to Days | Forensic Use |
| Synthetic Cannabis Synthetic cannabis is a psychoactive designer drug derived of natural herbs sprayed with synthetic chemicals that, when consumed, allegedly mimic the effects of cannabis, it is best known by the brand names K2 and Spice. Synthetic cannabis act on the body in a similar way to cannabinoids naturally found in cannabis, such as THC. A large and complex variety of synthetic cannabis most often cannabicyclohexanol, JWH-018, JWH-073, or HU-210, are used in an attempt to avoid the laws that make cannabis illegal, making synthetic cannabis a designer drug. Although synthetic cannabis does not produce positive results in drug tests for cannabis, it is possible to detect its metabolites in human urine. The synthetic cannabinoids contained in synthetic cannabis products have been made illegal in many European countries. On November 24, 2010, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration announced it would use emergency powers to ban many synthetic cannabinoids within a month. As of March 1, 2011, five cannabinoids, JWH-018, JWH-073, CP-47,497, JWH-200, and cannabicyclohexanol are now illegal in the US. |
K2 | 25 ng/mL or 50 ng/mL |
to Hours | Forensic Use |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants / Nortriptyline Commonly used for treatment of depressive disorders. TCA overdose is the most common cause of death from prescription drugs. |
TCA | 1000 ng/mL | 2 Hours to 40 Days | FDA 510k CLIA Waived OTC - Over the Counter |
| * Detection times are not guaranteed. This assay provides only a preliminary analytical test result. A more specific alternate chemical method must be used in order to obtain a confirmed analytical result. Gas Chromatogrphy/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) is the preferred confirmatory method. Clinical consideration and professional judgment should be applied to any drug of abuse test result, particularly when preliminary positive results are indicated. | ||||